Are eating disorders directly connected to the media Term Paper

Are eating disorders directly connected to the media - Term Paper Example Role models represented in the media are often mostly appearance and too often, little substance. According to perceptions precipitated by the media girls are ideally blonde, tall and slim with unblemished complexions. The idea of the ‘Barbie complex,’ propagated primarily by the media, positions the ‘norm’ of society at practically impossible standards. This has fashioned a culture that is exceedingly focused on appearance to the great disadvantage of most persons within it. There is an obvious connection between many aspects of the ‘appearance culture’ and increased instances of negative self-image and peer acceptance leading to eating disorders among teenagers. Girls who enter school without an already chubby figure start to think of themselves as being overweight, a perception that becomes increasingly cemented into their minds as their peers also start making these same associations. A continuous cycle begins causing the child to gain addit ional weight as a consequence of the emotional distress they feel because they are physically handicapped and can’t compete with other kids on the playground or sports field. Additionally, they don’t conform to the social ideals. ... einforce their child’s perception of themselves by unconsciously or consciously expecting them to be less active and less intelligent than their peers, again judging the child by their looks. The spotlight on beauty as a means of acquiring society’s approval is also emphasized by adults, mainly women, who think plastic surgery is a suitable means of getting it. Desiring to emotionally break away from the harassment of their childhood, many teenagers wish to have body altering surgery performed as well. In a study involving 2,000 girls, average age of 14, â€Å"four out of ten said they would consider plastic surgery to make themselves slimmer† regardless of their existing weight status (Gustafson, 2005). For those who either can’t afford or are repulsed by the thought of plastic surgery, the only choice they see available often emerges as a type of eating disorder, most frequently bulimia, a pattern of indulgent eating followed by forced vomiting, or anore xia, a sustained routine of deliberate starvation. Often thought to be based within issues of appearance and ‘not fitting the mold’, these unhealthy patterns become issues in and of themselves. A variety of factors play a role as to why a child may become overweight, but the perception they develop of themselves is rooted chiefly on how closely they and their peers consider they measure up to a social standard. The media plays the most active role in constructing this social standard and therefore the perception of self for many people. People need to only glance quickly into a mirror to understand how well or inadequately they correspond with the ideal personas they view on TV. This is an automatic and natural process. There are many arguments that indicate people do and always will focus on outward

Amazon.coms E-Business Model Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Amazon.coms E-Business Model - Term Paper Example However they soon diversified their portfolio and ventured into selling DVDS, CDs, and MP3 downloads software’s, games, electronics, food, toys, furniture and apparel. They started spreading out from United States and established bases in Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Japan and China. Amazon’s growth and diversification of business into different genres helped it boost its sales. It made inroads into different products and excelled at it, simply by virtue of its branding. The growth and diversification strategy pursued by Amazon created more customers for Amazon and with that its revenues also shot up. On the cons end, Amazon’s growth created more expenses by expanding so rapidly in different genres. Its distribution costs also rose up in the process. I feel that Amazon could have taken a gradual evolution into expansion, starting from U.S then following up in other North American and South American countries before disembarking to Asian and European countries. This would have ensured a slowly and steady growth and expansion across the borders and kept the expenses in check. 2. Determine the impact if Amazon.com had split up and become a family of brands (for example, â€Å"Amazon† for books, â€Å"Super toys† for toys, etc.), each with a different public face but all run by the same parent company. Splitting up into a family of brands would not have worked for Amazon. This is because, Amazon the brand attracted people and it was this branding loyalty which later translated into sales and revenues for them. Splitting up into a family of brands would have also risen up its costs, something that Amazon would not want to risk given the fact that its competitive edge is built on its low costs. Under its cost leadership strategy Amazon has stood out by offering rock-bottom prices. It provides good quality products at low prices. Its prices can’t be matched by its competitors. This makes it an obvious choice

Tourism And Travel Management In Portugal Tourism Essay

Tourism And Travel Management In Portugal Tourism Essay To see the world has been a childhood dream of mine since an early age. Although nothing will change my passion for my home country, I also have a great passion for seeing and experiencing the home countries of other people. I believe that the people of the world who are fortunate enough to have the ability to travel should make an effort to visit foreign countries. The benefits that spring from world travel are numerous. By traveling and interacting with people from other cultures one can help those other people understand where they come from. Experiencing another persons home country may help one better appreciate their own. I often wonder if people in the Middle East could hate Americans as much as they do if they had actually met one before they attacked the U.S., or if it would be so easy for people to ignore the human rights violations in Africa if they personally had an African friend. On a trip to the Dominican Republic I established several friendships with the Dominican pe ople. Not only do I feel like I helped them understand American culture, I also feel like I was able to learn more about their culture. I now have a personal connection with the Dominican Republic, and would care more if something good or bad happened there than I would otherwise. Because it may not be feasible for me to visit every country in the world, I am making an effort to visit every continent at some point in my life. So in the spirit of travel soon begins my journey to Western Europe. Upon graduating in the spring of 2011, I will celebrate by kicking off my traveling dream by visiting several places across Western Europe. The list includes Portugal, Spain, France, Germany, England, Scotland, and Ireland. I will loop my travel and spend the entire summer going between the regions, spending roughly 2 weeks in each. The purpose of this report is to focus on the first stop, Portugal. Area History and Customs: Compared to the United States, Portugal has a very long history as a country and this is reflected in everything from its historic architecture to its unique cultural traditions. Geographically, Portugal is a rather small country, slightly smaller than the size of Indiana (CIA World Factbook, 2010). Portugals long history spans over 11 defined periods ranging from the age of crusades and monarchy, to periods of empire and discovery, and even times of dictatorship and democracy (History of Portugal, 2004). One of these historical periods of achievement that Portugal may be most famous for is the Age of Discovery. Portuguese explorers such as Vasco de Gama and Magellan set forth on their explorations from Portugal. It was during this time that Portugal expanded its empire, settling locations in Brazil, Africa, and India and securing trade in the Indian Ocean (Eyewitness Portugal, 48). Portugal has experienced rule under a variety of foreign influences including the Moors, the Romans, a nd the Spanish; and residual influences from these forces upon Portugal have taken form in everything from their architecture to their religion and cultural practices. Present day Portuguese people are generally mild-mannered, easy-going, and polite (Eyewitness Portugal, 15). When traveling to Portugal I should expect to find a normally friendly and relaxed people, whom dress formally and conservatively, yet enjoy fun, laughing, and general merry-making (Eyewitness Portugal 15). A few more cultural points of note regarding the Portuguese are religion, language, and entertainment. The Portuguese are overwhelmingly Catholic, and religion is deeply embedded in the Portuguese lifestyle, especially in the north (Eyewitness Portugal, 16). The Portuguese also take great pride in their language, and although it may seem similar to Spanish, it would be insulting to suggest that in front of a Portuguese person (Eyewitness Portugal, 16). Lastly, the Portuguese are generally very enthusiastic about football (soccer) and fado (a musical style), both of which they enjoy watching and playing in their leisure time (Eyewitness Portugal 17). Although these generalizations may prove true most of the time, I will not let them tint my expectations of Portuguese people, and during my travels I hope to find my own definitions and descriptions of the average Portuguese person. As I have learned growing up in America, there are stereotypes and generalizations about Americans, and there are also distinct differences between Americans from different regions and states, but stereotypes are never 100% true, and as I visit different regions and cities in Portugal I will be sure to keep this in mind. Travel Motivations: As I stated earlier, my travel motivations stem from a love of world travel, a passion for learning more about world cultures, and a desire to make connections with individuals across the globe. During my stay in Portugal I hope to: 1) Learn more about Portugals history and development as a country; visit some of Portugals historical landmarks, parks, museums, castles, and more 2) Learn more about Portuguese culture and entertainment; listen to the unique Fado style of music 3) Experience Portuguese culture in both the urban and the rural settings; visit two of Portugals largest and most famous cities (Porto and Lisbon The Capital) 4) Interact with the people of Portugal at every opportunity, including from shops, hostels, and restaurants 5) Have the opportunity to teach someone I meet about America, represent the United States of America well (not be an Ugly-American tourist) Hopefully at the end of my entire trip I will not only have a greater understanding and appreciation for Portuguese culture, but also that of the six other locations I visit. I want to make my experience as immersive as possible and will make efforts to interact, learn, and explore everything each country, city, and town has to offer at every stop and every turn. http://portugal.travelguia.net/wp-content/uploads/2008/08/aveiro.jpg http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3208/2601723748_3f28b9361a_o.jpg hotel rooms Overview of Tourism Development: Throughout my research of Portugal, mainly of the cities and towns I will be staying in, I found that the area was well-equipped and prepared to accommodate and serve tourists. There were plenty of hotels, hostels, restaurants, and activities to do; most of which were directed towards a tourism crowd. According to Wikipedia (2010), Portugal attracts many tourists each year. In 2006, the country was visited by 12.8 million tourists. Tourism is playing an increasingly important role in Portugals economy contributing with about 5% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Because of the heavy role tourism plays in the economy, I can generally expect to be accommodated most places I travel within Portugal, and have planned out my trip in such a way that I will already know where I am staying each night. Although Portugal is one of the safest countries in the world, ranking #13 on the Global Peace Index (2010), there are still some precautions travelers should take when visiting Portugal , or any other country for that matter. As the SafeTravel Website describes, Portugal is generally a safe country with a low crime rate, although you have to be more careful in the larger cities, especially Lisbon, which has many pickpockets. But you should watch out for the traffic, especially on the IP5 and the N125 (the main route to the touristy Algarve), which have frequently proved deadly (2010). I will not be driving in any of my travels through Portugal, and rather I will spend most of my travel time on mass transit or walking. However, when walking, especially when crossing streets, I should be aware that road safety is a concern and look before I cross. To minimize the probability of being targeted by a pickpocket I have budgeted out my money ahead of time for all activities. Rather than ca rry my wallet around with me everywhere and risk losing bank cards and drivers licenses, I will carry cash with me and keep it spread out in various pockets. I will also avoid pulling out large sums of cash in public places and be sure I have what I need for activities food, and shopping, before leaving the hostel. Currency/Visa Requirements: Portugal, as a member of the European Union, uses the Euro as its form of currency. As of 27 July 2011, the current exchange rate for Euros to American Dollars is 1 Euro = 1.2982 United States Dollars. Although a passport is required for United States citizens to visit Portugal, a visa is not required for tourist stays of less than 90 days (Visa Requirements, 2010). Itinerary: Summer Overview Country Arrival Time Departure Time United States May 23, 2011 Portugal May 24, 2011 June 5, 2011 Spain June 5, 2011 June 20, 2011 France June 20, 2011 July 4, 2011 Germany July 4, 2011 July 18, 2011 England July 18, 2011 August 1, 2011 Scotland August 1, 2011 August 15, 2011 Ireland August 15, 2011 August 29, 2011 United States August 30, 2011 C:Documents and SettingsGarrettMy DocumentsMy PicturesPortuga lTrip Planningwesterneurope map2.JPG Portugal Daily Itinerary Day 1: May 23, 2011 Travel Day { Richmond ,Newark , Portugal } 1500 Arrive at RIC 1715 Flight Departs Continental Airlines (Flight CO2505) $217.40 USD (Round-Trip) $108.70 USD (For this flight) 1842 Flight lands in EWR 1900 Dinner in EWR Burger King $8.50 USD 2026 Flight Departs EWR Air Portugal (Flight TAP114) 629.28 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ ($813.10 USD) One-Way Day 2: May 24, 2011 Arrival in Porto, Portugal 0621 Flight Lands in Porto Air Portugal (Flight TAP114) 0630 Security/ Customs Porto Airport 0800 Depart Airport Metro: To Trindade Station Andante Tour Pass (3 days) {Unlimited use of metro, bus, and suburban train} 0820 Arrive Trindade Station Walk to Accommodation 0825 Arrive at Accommodation The Spot Hostel Rua Goncalo Cristovao No12; Porto, Portugal 20 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ per night (2 nights) $51.00 USD 0830 Drop off Luggage at (in Luggage Storage Room) The Spot Hostel Rua Goncalo Cristovao No12; Porto, Portugal Check-in not until 1400 0845 Breakfast at Local Cafe Budget: 7.50 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 0930 Walk Around City Sightseeing Operation, Relax and Enjoy sights and soundsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ 1030 Visit Igreja de Sà £o Francisco (Church of Saint Francis) UNESCO World Heritage Site 3.50 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ ($4.50 USD) 1115 Leave Igreja de Sà £o Francisco Continue walking westward down by river, passing historic Alfà ¢ndega Nova, then head north towards Jardim da Cordoaria (Park). 1230 After enjoying walk and park, get lunch at a local cafà ©/restaurant Budget: 10.50 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 1330/1400 Walk back to The Spot Check into room, take nap (Recover from jet lag), shower 1630 Take metro from Trindade to Matosinhos Sul Station From Matosinhos Sul walk to beach 1700 Walk down beach to see the Forte de Sà £o Francisco Xavier do Queijo (Castle of the Cheese) After enjoying castle view and walk back to the beach and relax 1900 Head to Buhle restaurant near beach for dinner Budget: 20.00 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ ($25.00 USD) 2030 Head back to beach to watch sunset {Sunset time: 2054} 2100 Take metro back to Trindade Station and The Spot then to Sao Bento Station in Ribeira district 21452300 Visit Restaurante O Fado for some traditional Portugal Blues music and/or Ryans Irish Pub for some Guinness Budget: 7 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ ($9.00 USD) 2300-2330 Take metro back to Trindade Station and The Spot ; go to sleep Day 3: May 25, 2011 Porto, Portugal 0800 Wake Up 0830 Complimentary Breakfast 0930 Walk to AntoÅ„io Fernandes (Grocery Store) Buy lunch and dinner items Budget: 12 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ ($15.00 USD) 1015 Walk back to The Spot Drop off groceries, pack lunch to have on-the-go 1030 Take Metro to Casa de Musica House of Music concert hall 1100 Tour Casa de Musica Cost: 3 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ ($4.00 USD)(Source: Lonely Planet Book Portugal) 1300 Leave Casa de Musica Walk to Monumento aos Herà ³is da Guerra Peninsular (Park) 1330 Eat Lunch in Park 1400 Take metro to Sao Bento Station, walk around/tour the cathedral district; sights may include: (Sà £o Bento Station, The Fernandine Walls, Santa Clara Church, Terreiro da Sà ©) 1630 Walk to Ponte Dom Luà ­s (Bridge) for view over Douro river and city 1715-1730 Head back to Sao Bento Station; Take metro and walk back to The Spot 1800-1930 Prepare dinner in kitchen and eat dinner 2200 Head to Hot Five Jazz and Blues Club to enjoy some local music Budget: 7 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ ($9.00 USD) 0000 Be Back at The Spot and get some sleep Day 4: May 26, 2011 Travel to Aveiro, Portugal 0900 Wake Up, Eat Breakfast, Prepare to Leave 1000 Take Metro from Trindad Station to Campanhà £ Station; board train at Campanhà £ Train Station 1052 Train Departs Campanhà £ Station heads for Aveiro Price: 9.50 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ ($12.30 USD) 1130 Train arrives in Aveiro eat lunch at local restaurant Budget: 7.00 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ ($9.00 USD) 1300 Check into BiniBag Guest House (Hostel) Price 2 Nights: 32 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ ($ 41. 30 USD) 1400 Walk to tourism info. center Rent Bike, ride around town Price: 1à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ {returned when bike is} 1600 Return Bike, Walk to small park near canal 1700 Walk to Carrefour (Grocery Store) Buy food for 2 dinners , 2 lunches Budget: 35 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ ($45.20 USD) 1740 Walk back to BiniBag House, Cook Dinner Eat then relax on rooftop of BiniBag Hostel 1930 Open Night: explore, read a book, shop, nightlife, or sleep Budget: 20 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ ($25.80 USD) Day 5: May 27, 2011 Aveiro Lagoons, Museums, and Cathedrals 0900 Wake Up, Complimentary Breakfast at BiniBag Hostel (Pack Lunch to have today) 1030 Boat tour of Lagoon Information and Pricing at Tourist Center Cost: Unknown (Budget: 10 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬) 1300 Lunch (packed) Eat wherever, preferably near canals/outdoors 1330 Head to Museum of Aveira Tour the museum Price: 1600 After Leaving the museum stop by Se Cathedral de Aveiro and Igreja de Sà £o Joà £o Evangelista Two historical cathedrals in the area, worth checking out 1800 Head Back to BiniBag Hostel and Cook Dinner Eat/Relax on Rooftop 1930 Open Night: explore, read a book, shop, nightlife, or sleep Budget: 20 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ ($25.80 USD) Day 6: May 28, 2011 Depart Aveiro, Head for Coimbra 0900 Wake Up Complimentary Breakfast at Binibag Hostel Pack up prepare to leave 1130 Depart Aveiro via Train 26 minute train ride Price: 9.50 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ ($ 12.30 USD) 1200 Arrive in Coimbra Get Snack at a local restaurant Budget: 5 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ ($ 6.50) 1300 Check into Grande Hostel de Coimbra Drop off luggage Price (3 nights): 45 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ ($58.14USD) 1400 Head to Antonio o Dinis Santos (Grocery) 2 breakfasts, 2 lunches, 2 dinners Budget: 35 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ ($45.22 USD) 1530 Walk to Museu da Cià ªncia da Universidade de Coimbra Science Museum affiliated with nearby university Price: 3 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ (3.87 USD) 1800 Leave Museum, head to Democratica (restaurant) for dinner; cheap popular spot with local students [Not open on Sunday] Budget: 10 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ ($12.92 USD) 2000 Walk down historic Rua da Sofia (one of the citys main thoroughfares) classified as a national monument Day 7: May 29, 2011 Kayaking Trip 0830 Wake Up, cook and eat breakfast, prepare for kayaking trip 1000 Get picked up for kayaking trip on Rio Mondego Company: O Pioneiro do Mondego (Pack lunch to have with me) Price: 20 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 1600 Return from kayaking trip, head back to Hostel to shower , change, and cook dinner 2300 Go to à ¡Capella (local student-run bar featuring live Fado music every night) Budget: 10 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ ($12.92 USD) 0100 Back to Hostel and sleep Day 8: May 30, 2011 Exploring the city of Coimbra 0930 Wake up, cook/eat breakfast 1000 Spend day walking around historic district, pack lunch, Total Cost/Budget 10à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ ($ 12.92 USD) 1000-1900 Sights and stops will include: Se Velha de Coimbra (Old Cathedral of Coimbra) {3 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬}; -Largo da Portagem (Plaza with shopping and cafes) {5 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ budget}; Jardim Botà ¢nico (Botanical Gardens) {free}; eat packed lunch here -Igreja e Mosteiro de Santa Cruz (Church and Monastery of Santa Cruz),{free, can pay 1 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ to see cloister} -Jardim de Manga (Manga Garden), small park with interesting fountain {free} -Pà ¡tio da Inquisià §Ãƒ £o, (Headquarters of Portuguese Inquisition) dungeons and torturing occurred here {free} 1930 Head back to Hostel, Prepare and eat dinner 2100 Day 9: May 31, 2011 Last Day in Coimbra, Travel to Fatima 0930 Wakeup, Prepare and eat Breakfast 1000 Walk around Praà §a do Comà ©rcio (commercial square); shop eat small brunch at local cafà © Budget: 12 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 1430 Head to Train Station, Catch Train leaving at 1519 for Fatima Price: 10 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ ($12.92 USD) 1611 Arrive in Fatima, Check into Luna Fatima Plaza (Hotel) Price: 15 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ (1 Night) 1700 Walk to MiniMercado Eva (Grocery), Buy Breakfast and Lunch items Budget: 15 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ ($ 19.40 USD) 1900 Eat Dinner at Restaurante a Grehla(Traditional Portuguese grill) Budget: 12 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ ($15.50 USD) 2000 Go see Capela das Aparià §Ãƒ µes (Chapel of Apparitions) {Apparent Location of Appearance of Virgin Mary} Price: Free 2200 Free night, explore, possibly go to Là ©rias bar, read, sleep Budget: 5 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ ($ 6.50 USD) Day 10: June 1, 2011 Ourem Castle and travel to Lisbon 0900 Wake up, eat breakfast 1000 Head to Ourem via taxi or bus Budget: 15à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 1030 Tour Castle at Ourem, eat packed lunch, explore surrounding area Price/Budget: 5 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 1400 Head back to Fatima, prepare to catch 1755 Train to Lisbon Train Price à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€  10 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 2039 Arrive in Lisbon (Entrecampos Station), take metro to Baixa/Chiada Station 3-Day Lisboa Card(Free Public Transport and State Museum Entry) Price: 35 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ ($45.22 USD) 2100 Check into Smile Hostel Price: (3 nights) 48 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ ($ 62 USD) 2200 Eat cheap dinner at local restaurant/cafà © Budget: 7 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ ($ 9 USD) 2300 Explore area for interesting nightlife Budget: 15 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ ($19.38 USD) Day 11: June 2, 2011 First Full Day in Lisbon (Historic sites in the Alfama Area)) 0900 Wake up, eat breakfast at a local cafà © Budget: 4 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ ($5.17 USD) 1000 Walk to Supermercado Chen (grocery store) buy groceries for rest of stay Budget: 40 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ ($51.68 USD) 1130 Walk to and explore St. Georges Castle Price 5 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ (30% Discount w/ Lisboa Card) {3.50 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬} 1230 Lunch, then visit Museu Militar (Portuguese Military Museum) Price: 3 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ (20% Discount w/ Card) {2.40 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬} 1500 Visit Sao Vicente de Fora (Church of St. Vincent Lisbons Patron Saint) Price: Free 1600 Wander around Feira da Ladra (Thieves Market) check out this famous market Budget: 3 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 1700 Visit Sà © Cathedral de Lisboa (The citys cathedral), visit cloister Free, Pay 2.50 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ for cloister 1800 Walk back to hostel, pass by Church of Santo Antà ³nio, cook and prepare dinner 2000 Walk to waterfront, view sunset at à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€  2056 2100-2300 Checkout local nightlife, try to see some live fado music Budget: 7 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ Day 12: June 3, 2011 Second Day in Lisbon 0900 Wake up, eat breakfast 1000 Rent a GoCar, drive around city on self-guided tour Pick up is near Hostel 1200 Visit Belem Tower (also eat lunch) Historic fortress and monument to Portugals age of discovery Free with Lisboa card 1300 Visit Palà ¡cio da Ajuda (historic palace turned museum) Free with Lisboa card 1600 Walk around Belem, visit anything that tickles my fancy Budget: 10à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬, try to take advantage of Lisboa Card 1900 Head back to Hostel and Eat Dinner 2100- Open night, do whatever Budget: 15 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ Day 13: June 4, 2011 Last Day in Lisbon (and Portugal) 0930 Wake up, eat breakfast Budget for daily activities: 20 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 1030 Head to the beach, spend most of the day at/around the beach relaxing /soaking last bit of Portuguese sun 1500 Head to any Historical locations of note that I may have seen on GoCar tour but didnt explore on foot 1900 Dinner at Local Restaurant Budget: 15-20 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 2100- Enjoy last bit of Portuguese night life Budget: 10-18 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ Day 14: June 5, 2011 Depart Portugal, Head for Spain 0900 Wake Up, Breakfast, Pack, Check out of Hostel 1030 Catch Bus from Lisbon to Madrid (arrives in Madrid 2030) Price: 45 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ Total Cost of Vacation [Portugal] Item Price (à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬) Price ($ USD) Travel (Airlines, Metro, Busesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) 892.54 1153.25 Dining 258.58 334.11 Hotel 180.00 232.58 Events 137.90 178.18 Misc. Activities / Shopping 170.00 219.66 Total 1639.02 2117.78

Emilias Contemporary Stand :: essays research papers

Emilia’s Contemporary Stand In equation with the Elizabethan era, Shakespeare offers us a male dominated society in his renowned tragedy, Othello. Consequently, this definitely persuades a negative attitude and demeanor towards the women of the times. The female characters in the play: Desdemona, Emilia, and Bianca; play relevant roles in contributing to one’s understanding of this exhausted Elizabethan view. In contrast to the larger portion of the play, Emilia, spouse to the scandalous Iago, takes an opinionated stand for Desdemona in relation to her wholesome gone sour relationship with the Moor of Venice, Othello. I recognize Emilia’s â€Å"Betrayal lecture† as a justified outlook in accordance with today’s period and events surrounding Desdemona’s and Othello’s fatal misunderstanding. In Act IV, scene ii and iii, Emilia shows her contemporary views about relationships to the audience and talks to Desdemona while doing so. She believes that many men and women are commonly guilty of cheating and betrayal of their partner. At this point, Othello’s worries of Desdemona’s unfaithfulness have wholly increased, and he begins to accuse her of cheating on him. Desdemona then hopes Othello sees to her honesty and truthfulness of the matter. â€Å"I hope my noble lord esteems me honest† (Act IV, scene II line 67). Othello counters her begging by beginning his sarcasm and request for her to never have been born. He says, â€Å"O, ay. As summer flies are in the shambles,that quicken even with blowing. O Thou weed, Who art so lovely fair and smell’st so sweet That the sense aches at thee, would thou hadst ne’er been born!†(Act IV scene II lines 68-70) As Desdemona constantly denies his accusations, Othello becomes very angry. He asks for her forgiveness (jokingly) and says â€Å"I took you for that cunning whore of Venice† (Act IV, scene ii, line 93). Desdemona is left mad by Othello’s ridicule and listens to Emilia’s contrasting attitude. As Othello and Lodovico leave the scene, the Moor commands Desdemona to exit Emilia’s presence and exclaims, â€Å"get you to bed on th’ instant.(Act IV scene iii line 7). Emilia fervently disagrees with Othello and graces us with her pro- female attitudes once again by saying, â€Å" I would you had never seen him†, with Desdemona agreeing light-heartedly as well.(Act IV scene iii lines 19-20) . Emilia displays to Desdemona a helping hand and says to leave Othello if she is so hurt by his â€Å"understandings†. â€Å"†¦Having the world for your labor, ‘tis a wrong in your own world, and you might quickly make it right† She is basically explaining to Desdemona to leave Othello for his ludicrous antics.

Political Culture

â€Å"Drawing examples from any one Caribbean territory and using public opinion data from sources , to what extent is political culture less dependent on local culture as a result of recent technological developments. † Political culture is the particular set of orientations, beliefs, customs, and preconceptions which are shared by members of the society, which give meaning to their political process, and which provide the underlying assumptions that govern their political behaviour and public policies (Lawrence 6).On the other hand we have local culture, which Karen Lawrence describes as the history, family, politics, landscape, art, music and values and people melded into a sense of place that feels vibrant and cohesive and firmly rooted. Local culture is where and how one is connected to life and each other; it is the collective memory of a community. What is technology might one ask? Technology is the use of tools or instruments for any human activity.These human activiti es can be production, storage, exchange, transportation or even consumption. It is the branch of knowledge that deals with the creation and use of technical means and their interrelation with life society and the environment, drawing upon such subjects as industrial engineering,  applied  science,  and  pure science. Politics is an area which manifests may aspects of our culture and in these modern times, political culture in the Caribbean territory of Jamaica has become dependent on recent technological developments.Globalization is a process of interactions and integration among people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. This process has effects on the environment, on culture, on political systems, on economic development and prosperity, as well as human physical well-being in societies around the world.Due to globalization, money, goods and manufacturing have become m ore mobile than they once were, and as a result corporations and businesses are allowed to finance, invest and move wherever they choose, they have a wider access to other countries across the world. There is a shift in the balance of power between international businesses and governments. National governments are less able to control the activities of mobile businesses than in the past, while corporations and financial institutions are in a better position to dictate to national governments.They do this by, purchasing the currencies of states whose policies they approve and abandoning, or threatening to abandon the rest. In 2003, Jamaica’s debt stood at $4. 4billion owing to the IMF, the debt required that 52 cents of every dollar earned goes for interest payments. By this time Jamaica had already paid back 17 times the amount of money originally borrowed. Farming and industry have been in crisis. There was a very high unemployment rate and there has been migration from the rural areas to Kingston, people in search of jobs and opportunities.There was an increase in crime and drug trade, which in turn have led to frequent police killings. Political violence and rioting has been seen in recent years. Responsible in part for this unrest and turmoil is globalization, ensnaring the country in enormous debt arranged by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, and other international lending agencies at high interest rates. â€Å"The structural adjustments that were imposed by the IMF had cause for an increase in interest rates to industry and farmers, so that they could no longer compete with the flood of subsidized or â€Å"dumped† foreign imports.These policies have driven down wages and forced the government to cut back funding for education, healthcare, and agricultural programs which benefit the poor (Harper 2003). † Again due to globalization there was civil unrest and mayhem in Jamaica. In 2009 there was an extradition requ est from the USA for Christopher â€Å"Dudus† Coke, a drug kingpin who enjoyed demigod status in the west Kingston stronghold of Tivoli Gardens. The United States wanted him for drug trafficking and gun trade.The then ruling party, the Jamaica Labour Party did not want to give up Mr. Coke, as he had close ties with the party. This included a construction company called Incomparable Enterprises, where Dudus was a partner, was awarded three government contracts by the JLP valued at $US 400 thousand, also a contract worth US $150,000 to transport materials to Riverton City landfill. Also the JLP was also responsible for campaigning and establishment of the â€Å"garrison† known as Tivoli. The USA said that they would cut all ties with Jamaica if Mr.Coke was not extradited. Jamaica depended on the US for money and imported products. Jamaica could not afford to lose America’s support, as so in turn, Dudus was extradited. This is a clear example of the influence of gl obalization. According to Alec Ross, one of the creators of technology policy for Barack Obama's 2008 presidential campaign, â€Å"We are well beyond being able to consider social media a fad. If you are not open to social media spaces then you are not attuned to the dynamics on the street and you sacrifice both understanding and power. The emergence of Social Media has caused for the political culture in Jamaica to be less dependent on local culture, due to this recent technological advancement. In 2007 statistics showed that 539. 543 per 1,000 people  in Jamaica used the internet, in 2005 3,042,000 people in Jamaica were telephone subscribers. Also in 2007 there were 2,700,000 mobile phone subscribers and 444. 079 per 1,000 people in Jamaica who had radios. In 2002, 70. 04% of households in Jamaica had televisions. These numbers are rising every year, with social media becoming more popular as the years go by.In Jamaica there are 7 local television channels; the two main local channels being CVM and TVJ (Gordon 89). These channels no longer focus on what is going on locally in the country or show many locally produced shows. The time slots for these stations are filled with American based television shows, cartoon and movies. The local news also doesn’t focus on what is happening in the country each day, but only gives us a brief overview and then skips to â€Å"international news† updating the public on what is happening in places such as USA, Canada, Asia and South America just to name a few.It is speculated that in Jamaica, the people know more about what is going on in America than they do about what is happening in their â€Å"own backyard. † In Jamaica during election time, the political parties use the media as a way to voice their opinions of the other parties and also articles and pictures are published in order to persuade voters to vote for a particular party or to persuade the public to vote in general. The media also help s with political socialization, this is the process by which people form their ideas about   politics and acquire political values, the two main political arties in Jamaica being the Jamaica Labour Party and the People’s National Party. Social media currently plays a huge part in the political culture of Jamaica. Jamaica tries to emulate the political culture of the United States of America that is using social media forums which include facebook and twitter as a way to promote political parties instead of sticking the usual means of newspapers and new channels. As technology develops, politics has to develop along with it.An example of this is seen by the creation of a facebook page called â€Å"Young Jamaica† which is an affiliate of the Jamaica Labour Party. The purpose of the page is to inform Jamaica’s youth about the JLP and to promote this party over the PNP. It encourages young Jamaicans to get enumerated and it also highlights the failures of the PNP and its members. Another example of social media forum is the seen by the creation of a facebook page called â€Å"Blame Bruce† which is an affiliate of the People’s National Party blaming past Prime Minister Bruce Golding for problems in Jamaica.There was also a â€Å"hashtag† on twitter called â€Å"Blame Bruce†. The Jamaican political culture is less dependent on the local culture. The most recent instance of the local culture being brought into politics was due to the Jamaica 50th celebration on August 6th 2012, Jamaica was an independent nation for 50 years. Due to technological developments, the political culture of Jamaica is less dependent on local culture. Globalization and Social media have had a huge effect on the political culture, as these seem to have more of an influence than the local culture.

Bliss †Katherine Mansfield Essay

Bertha Young felt the bliss in her soul, family, and everything that surrounded her. There were sunny days, happy faces, smiles everywhere and it was this purity that let the bliss flow around her, fulfilling her house and her anima day and night. Bertha’s mirror reflected only the image of innocence and blind happiness! Thirty years facing this world, Bertha and reality were two strangers who lived together never realizing it. Sometimes the innocence or purity may only correspond to one aspect of a character’s personality or background, but not in Bertha’s case. She is oblivious to the mysterious reaction of her new â€Å"best† friend, to the reasons why her husband, Harry, did not like her friend, and also to this sudden realization of the bliss in her family! â€Å"Oh Nanny, do let me finish giving her supper while you put the bath things away.† â€Å"Well, M’m, she oughtn’t to be changed hands while she’s eating.-said Nanny† (Mansfield 201). The character is so incredibly happy without knowing why, not asking questions about the nanny’s possessive nature with her child, or why her life seems so simple. It is in the way she looks at the fruit on the table, matching the carpet so well that her heart is filled with absurd joy. â€Å"I’m too happy – too happy!† (Mansfield 203). It is almost sad the way the woman never questioned her fate, just accepted it and rushed headlong into the worst possible scenario of her life- namely her husband in the arms of another woman. Her entire house of cards falls. The woman, mostly alone with her thoughts and deeds eventually comes to the realization that every preconceived notion she had about her life is in direct conflict with the truth and everything she held dear is worthless. This foundation on which she had built her life is now shattered, irretrievable, and it will force the woman to ask why she had never wondered about her life. â€Å"Harry and she were as much in love as ever, and they got on together splendidly and were really good pals† (Mansfield 203). It is obvious that her innocence prevented her from realizing her husband’s true feelings! He committed adultery in a very cruel way, pretending to dislike her new â€Å"best† friend! He knew how naà ¯ve his wife was, and he took advantage of it, fooling her the way he did! Loyalty is such an important virtue among relationships, no matter what kind they are! If there is no honesty, loyalty, trust, and faith then there is no reason for the relationship to keep going! Most of the time, it is quite possible for a woman to be able to tell when her husband is not fully satisfied, or when he is seeing someone else, but poor naà ¯ve Bertha never worried about; it did not even cross her mind! This innocence and lack of experience, later corrupted and manipulated by the evil hands of adultery, shaped her life the way it did, hitting her harder than she would have ever imagined, giving her the experience she lacked! Bliss is not a story about sadness; although that is the first reaction- it is the story about achieving adulthood and independent thought. For this woman will never again go around blindly, accepting the social norms of what has been dictated to her from birth. The point of the story is the imagined next day of this woman, who has been so shaken to her core, and how she will survive the knowledge of hypocrisy in the world. So this poor woman is actually a hero- she has gone through her adolescence a bit later than one would hope of a modern day woman, but nonetheless, she has achieved her own independence. So in reality, it is a story of triumph.